Everyone needs some alone time. But you may want to socialize more if your “me” time overwhelmingly outweighs your “we” time as you get older.
Too much time alone, whether socially isolated (physically alone) or lonely (feeling alone), can impact your mental wellness, physical health and wallet. Losing your sense of connection and community can alter your mind and behavior, leading to increased risks for chronic health conditions. As a result, socially isolated people tend to have greater medical expenses and make more trips to the emergency department.
The good news is that even if you’re part of the 28% of older adults living alone, there are ways to boost your connection with others and social success.
Here’s what you need to know about social isolation, loneliness and aging:
Why does the risk of social isolation increase with age?
Getting older doesn’t directly cause loneliness. But people older than 50 are more likely to be socially isolated because of age-related factors, such as:
- Neurological factors: Cognitive decline and dementia can make older adults unmotivated to socialize.
- Physical health issues: Chronic disease and physical impairments may make socializing difficult. Research shows that 60% of people older than 65 have at least one chronic condition.
- Social environment challenges: Older adults who relocate or no longer drive may find it difficult to connect with old friends. As many as 25% of adults 65 and older living in a community setting are categorized as socially isolated.
- Socio-cultural factors: A poor support system or disruptive life events — such as losing a loved one or retiring — may lead to feelings of isolation and loneliness.
Social isolation and aging can be a challenging cycle to break if the isolation becomes severe. While chronic health conditions can cause you to be less socially active, isolation continues to increase your risk for chronic health issues.
How loneliness and social isolation affect your health
Human connection is powerful. Your body reacts when that social connection is missing, potentially causing physical and mental health issues.
Social isolation and loneliness may be associated with:
Greater risk for all-cause mortality
Research shows that as you become more socially isolated — no matter how social you are at the onset — your risk for death (from all causes) increases. That means even socially active seniors should try to maintain their social level.
Higher levels of inflammation
According to the National Institute on Aging, loneliness may trigger a biological defense mechanism in your body. When it does, it activates your body’s stress response. That natural reaction increases inflammation and reduces your immunity, increasing your risk of chronic disease.
Increased risk of heart issues
When loneliness increases inflammation, it can also make you more likely to develop high blood pressure, atherosclerosis (plaque buildup in your arteries) and obesity. All three are risk factors for heart disease.
Increased social isolation may also cause you to shift your lifestyle — and not in a healthy way. Your heart health may suffer if social isolation causes you to make poor health choices involving:
- Alcohol use
- Diet
- Physical activity
- Sleep
- Smoking
Poor mental health
Social engagement and a sense of belonging can boost your mood. Without those connections, you’re less likely to engage in wellness behaviors and your risk of depression increases. If you remain lonely or socially isolated for a long period, you may also develop social anxiety, making you unmotivated to be with other people.
Reduced cognitive function
Research suggests that social isolation increases the risk of cognitive decline, dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Older adults who feel isolated or lonely tend to perform worse on thinking tests and struggle to process information as rapidly as those who feel connected to others. Cognitive decline may occur as the result of physical inactivity, depression, poor sleep and inflammation, which are often associated with social isolation.
Strategies for socializing as an older adult
If you find yourself alone or feeling lonely more than usual, there are things you can do to connect with others:
- Get a pet: Animals can be a source of comfort and offer a way to meet other people. Taking your dog to the park or your cat to the vet gets you out of the house and gives you a chance to socialize with others.
- Schedule time to stay in touch: Setting up a specific time to chat with family and friends — either in person, through a phone call or using video chat — makes it more likely to happen. Even just short check-ins may help you feel connected.
- Join a community group or class: Engaging in a new topic or revisiting an old hobby can be fun and offers a great way to meet like-minded people.
- Volunteer: Contact your municipal department or faith-based organization to find opportunities to give back. You’ll meet other volunteers and help others in the process.
When to seek help for loneliness
If you often feel lonely or your social isolation is causing you to make unhealthy decisions, it might be time to talk with a health care provider. Socializing is an important aspect of health — and it’s critical for well-being. Your primary care physician can recommend resources that can help.
