The study also found that among those who did seek treatment, 40 percent did not receive counseling from a medical provider about how to prevent future falls.
Falls are the leading injury-related cause of death and need for medical care among Californians age 65 and older, according to the study. In 2012, more than 1,800 seniors died after falling and seniors’ fall-related injuries resulted in more than 72,000 hospitalizations.
“There is a cost in terms of both lives and resources when doctors fail to talk to seniors who have already fallen about how to prevent future falls,” said Steven Wallace, associate director of the Center for Health Policy Research and author of the study.
Using data from the 2011–12 California Health Interview Survey, the study found older seniors are twice as likely as younger seniors to have multiple falls: nearly 1 in 5 people 85 and older reported that they fell more than once a year, compared with 1 in 10 of those aged 65 to 74. Nearly a quarter of seniors who have suffered a stroke, and almost 20 percent of those with any disability, had multiple falls. Twenty-six percent of seniors with moderate mental impairment had multiple falls, as did 38 percent with severe mental impairment.
Screening not routine
The study also found that less than one-third of the roughly 325,000 seniors who didn’t seek care after multiple falls talked with their doctor during a regular medical visit about how to prevent falls. Wallace said the figure isn’t very surprising because the patients probably didn’t reveal that they had taken some tumbles.
But Wallace was more surprised that the large percentage of doctors who knew they were treating multiple-fall patients failed to discuss how to avoid future incidents: 40 percent of seniors did not receive any fall prevention recommendations from a doctor or medical professional during their care.
“When a patient with a track record of falling comes in for treatment, the health care provider should try to find out why and make appropriate suggestions,” Wallace said. “Did the patient trip on a rug? Is medication making her dizzy? The safety of their patients may depend on them asking these questions.”
Reducing risks
Three-quarters of at-risk seniors made modifications to prevent future falls, many after a doctor’s evaluation. Specifically:
- 41.4 percent started using a cane or walker for stability.
- 32.4 percent reviewed medications that interfere with motor skills.
- 31.5 percent changed daily routines, including wearing different footwear and altering walking routes.
- 28.8 percent started an exercise or physical therapy program to improve their strength.
- 26.9 percent made modifications in their homes, such as installing grab bars, improving lighting and removing hazards like area rugs.
The study recommends that public policy encourage health care providers to screen all older patients for risk of falls during wellness visits and make recommendations for preventing falls. Medi-Cal and Medicare providers could be given incentives to screen and make recommendations. The report notes that the American Geriatrics Association has guidelines on screening for falls and providing referrals, and that many state and federal programs have programming in falls prevention, but it also highlights that these programs need funding to continue.
“This is a preventable event and prevention starts at the doctor’s door,” said Joseph Prevratil, president and CEO of the Archstone Foundation, which funded the study. “Public policy should support the ability of doctors and other medical professionals to reduce the number of seniors suffering serious injury from falls.”
The study also suggests that older Californians be made more aware of the risks of falling and how to reduce those risks — through screening by their physicians and fall prevention programming from community groups and government agencies — in order to help them stay securely on their feet.
The Archstone Foundation is a private grantmaking organization whose mission is to contribute towards the preparation of society in meeting the needs of an aging population.
